Capital, infrastructure, power, supply chains, and permitting bottlenecks constrain AI deployment

Samsung Electro-Mechanics plans dedicated ABF substrate investment and NVIDIA supply in 2026, but reported funding details remain unverified. NVIDIA’s reported $1.1B testing-capacity advance and six-partner 2.5x substrate target are commitments, not delivered capacity; possible shorter HBM4 stacks remain unconfirmed. Power readiness, memory costs, and site commissioning remain execution risks.