Global cocaine glut — production surge and market effects
Key Questions
What was the global cocaine production in 2023 according to the UN?
The UN reported approximately 3,700 tonnes of cocaine production in 2023, marking a 34% year-over-year increase. This surge was primarily driven by Colombia.
Why has cocaine production surged recently?
The surge is largely attributed to Colombia, with President Petro referencing a 'junta del narcotráfico' coordinating global trafficking. This has led to record outputs and diversified smuggling operations.
What market effects are seen from the cocaine glut?
Prices have become depressed due to oversupply, leading to polysubstance mixes in street drugs. This has complicated consumption patterns and increased health risks.
What new smuggling routes are diversifying cocaine trafficking?
Routes include Galicia and Mocro Mafia via Antwerp/Netherlands, Nigeria palm kernel to UK, South Africa OR Tambo with Brazil mules, Australia Bass Strait (3.5t/6t), Belgium/Dublin/Ecuador banana shipments, and Michigan torpedo operations.
How has Europe become a key entry point for cocaine?
Europe initially treated cocaine as a nightlife issue but cartels like those in Galicia have turned it into a major hub. Investigations highlight 'narco-terror' in the Netherlands and intensified French customs checks after a 1.2-tonne bust.
What role does Australia play in recent cocaine smuggling busts?
Australian authorities charged nine men over plots to smuggle 3.5 tonnes via Bass Strait and a three-month journey from Panama to Sydney. Another case involved a 'mother ship' conspiracy for tonnes of cocaine and meth.
What is the 'cocaine torpedo' operation linked to Michigan?
The operation involves underwater drones potentially transporting drugs to Europe from Michigan. It highlights innovative smuggling tactics amid the global glut.
How are South African airports involved in cocaine trafficking?
South Africa's OR Tambo airport faces a growing crisis with drug mules on deadly routes from Brazil, leading to rising busts and related deaths.
UN ~3,700 tonnes 2023 (+34% y/y) Colombia-driven (Petro 'junta'); prices depressed, polysubstance mixes; routes diversify (Galicia/Mocro/‘Ndrangheta Antwerp/Netherlands cartel entrenchment torture/ports, Nigeria palm kernel UK, Brazil Carvalho 45t Peru/Bolivia/OR Tambo mules, Australia Bass Strait 3.5t/6t, Belgium/Dublin/Ecuador banana, Michigan torpedo).