Validation bottleneck remains central challenge

Multiple studies show AI-designed molecules fail in functional assays (e.g., CAR binders need pI optimization). New evidence: only 0.2% of FDA-cleared AI medical devices have proven patient-centered outcomes; OpenBind provides open benchmark for protein-ligand binding. Calls for publishing failures and improving data quality, workflow design, and closed feedback loops. Vivodyne's human tissue approach offers a potential solution.