Black Sea Attacks Pressure Ukrainian Grain Export Routes

Reuters reports Ukrainian port grain exports fell from 2.1 million tonnes to 0.81 million tonnes year-on-year amid escalating Black Sea attacks on merchant shipping. Reporting describes deaths or missing crew, higher insurance costs, and increased reliance on Danube routes; Türkiye and India have reportedly proposed ways to facilitate shipments, but no agreement or concrete security arrangement is established. Responsibility for individual incidents is contested and lasting route disruption remains unclear.