Battery & Critical Mineral Supply Chain Localization

CATL-Schaeffler MoU for European BMS/X-in-1; LGES Michigan NMC/LFP production; US DOE $500M for critical minerals; new North American manganese alliance; rare-earth export controls cut Japan's dysprosium imports 82%. Nexperia 12-inch automotive MOSFET mass production cuts cost 50%. EU new vehicle regulation mandates digital passports and recycled content. KAIST digital twin identifies binder/pore distribution as key to fast-charging degradation.