Personalized mRNA cancer vaccines show late-stage melanoma promise

Moderna and Merck report that individualized mRNA vaccination plus Keytruda improved recurrence-related outcomes and reduced distant spread in melanoma. A large French observational cohort found an early survival association when COVID-19 vaccination occurred around immune-checkpoint inhibitor initiation, but similar associations with other vaccines limit causal interpretation; overall survival, regulatory timing, manufacturing complexity, and broader cancer effectiveness remain unresolved.