Multi-Level Governance in Urban China
Key Questions
What characterizes multi-level governance in Shenzhen?
Shenzhen's low-carbon efforts are contested across levels, with political cycles showing inverted-U environmental expenditure from 2007-19. URI spillovers influence accountability and legitimacy. Urban polarization ties to land reforms.
How do political cycles affect urban environmental policy?
An inverted-U pattern in expenditure (2007-19) reflects multi-level dynamics. Local insights integrate with national frameworks for urban lake restoration. This shapes governance in cities like Shenzhen.
What drives urban polarization in China?
The 'China Paradox' stems from push-pull dynamics, advocating stage-specific land supply reforms for sustainable governance. Multi-level contests exacerbate URI spillovers. Reforms address polarization and legitimacy gaps.
Shenzhen low-carbon contested/multi-level; political cycles env exp inverted-U (2007-19); URI spillovers/accountability/urban polarization land reforms; urban lakes local-national tensions.