How AI and cyber tools are transforming the Iran conflict

This cluster explores how the U.S.-Israeli operations against Iran are being framed as the first large-scale “AI war,” where machine-driven analysis accelerates target identification and strike decisions. Alongside kinetic attacks, coordinated cyber campaigns have hit Iranian apps, media, and government systems, blurring the line between digital and physical battlefields. The pieces highlight new ethical and legal dilemmas, the vulnerability of civilian infrastructure, and the growing risk that cyber operators themselves become physical targets. Together, they show how AI and cyber capabilities are reshaping doctrines of warfare and escalation dynamics in the Middle East.