China's 'Unification Without Formal Unification' Strategy in Taiwan

Beijing is pursuing incremental de facto control through coast guard incursions, jurisdiction exercises, and other gray-zone activity rather than signaling a single invasion date. China-related competition also spans Hong Kong, sanctions, semiconductors, AI, energy, critical minerals, advanced vehicles, space, and financial channels such as Stock Connect and yuan internationalization; reusable-rocket progress adds to the strategic picture.